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Molar ionization energies of the elements

This table lists values of molar ionization energies of the elements. This is the energy per mole necessary to remove electrons from gaseous atoms or atomic ions. All values in the table are given in the unit of kilojoules per mole (kJ/mol). The values for the element rutherfordium and with higher atomic numbers are predicted, not determined.

# Element 123456789101112131415161718192021222324252627282930
1Hydrogen1312
2Helium2372.3 5250.5
3Lithium520.2 7298.1 11815
4Beryllium899.5 1757.1 14848.7 21006.6
5Boron800.6 2427.1 3659.7 25025.8 32826.7
6Carbon1086.5 2352.6 4620.5 6222.7 37831 47277
7Nitrogen1402.3 2856 4578.1 7475 9444.9 53266.6 64360
8Oxygen1313.9 3388.3 5300.5 7469.2 10989.5 13326.5 71330 84078
9Fluorine1681 3374.2 6050.4 8407.7 11022.7 15164.1 17868 92038.1 106434.3
10Neon2080.7 3952.3 6122 9371 12177 15238 19999 23069.5 115379.5 131432
11Sodium495.8 4562 6910.3 9543 13354 16613 20117 25496 28932 141362 159076
12Magnesium737.7 1450.7 7732.7 10542.5 13630 18020 21711 25661 31653 35458 169988 189368
13Aluminium577.5 1816.7 2744.8 11577 14842 18379 23326 27465 31853 38473 42647 201266 222316
14Silicon786.5 1577.1 3231.6 4355.5 16091 19805 23780 29287 33878 38726 45962 50502 235196 257923
15Phosphorus1011.8 1907 2914.1 4963.6 6273.9 21267 25431 29872 35905 40950 46261 54110 59024 271791 296195
16Sulfur999.6 2252 3357 4556 7004.3 8495.8 27107 31719 36621 43177 48710 54460 62930 68216 311048 337138
17Chlorine1251.2 2298 3822 5158.6 6542 9362 11018 33604 38600 43961 51068 57119 63363 72341 78095 352994 380760
18Argon1520.6 2665.8 3931 5771 7238 8781 11995 13842 40760 46186 52002 59653 66199 72918 82473 88576 397605 427066
19Potassium418.8 3052 4420 5877 7975 9590 11343 14944 16963.7 48610 54490 60730 68950 75900 83080 93400 99710 444880 476063
20Calcium589.8 1145.4 4912.4 6491 8153 10496 12270 14206 18191 20385 57110 63410 70110 78890 86310 94000 104900 111711 494850 527762
21Scandium633.1 1235 2388.6 7090.6 8843 10679 13310 15250 17370 21726 24102 66320 73010 80160 89490 97400 105600 117000 124270 547530 582163
22Titanium658.8 1309.8 2652.5 4174.6 9581 11533 13590 16440 18530 20833 25575 28125 76015 83280 90880 100700 109100 117800 129900 137530 602930 639294
23Vanadium650.9 1414 2830 4507 6298.7 12363 14530 16730 19860 22240 24670 29730 32446 86450 94170 102300 112700 121600 130700 143400 151440 661050 699144
24Chromium652.9 1590.6 2987 4743 6702 8744.9 15455 17820 20190 23580 26130 28750 34230 37066 97510 105800 114300 125300 134700 144300 157700 166090 721870 761733
25Manganese717.3 1509 3248 4940 6990 9220 11500 18770 21400 23960 27590 30330 33150 38880 41987 109480 118100 127100 138600 148500 158600 172500 181380 785450 827067
26Iron762.5 1561.9 2957 5290 7240 9560 12060 14580 22540 25290 28000 31920 34830 37840 44100 47206 122200 131000 140500 152600 163000 173600 188100 195200 851800 895161
27Cobalt760.4 1648 3232 4950 7670 9840 12440 15230 17959 26570 29400 32400 36600 39700 42800 49396 52737 134810 145170 154700 167400 178100 189300 204500 214100 920870 966023
28Nickel737.1 1753 3395 5300 7339 10400 12800 15600 18600 21670 30970 34000 37100 41500 44800 48100 55101 58570 148700 159000 169400 182700 194000 205600 221400 231490 992718 1039668
29Copper745.5 1957.9 3555 5536 7700 9900 13400 16000 19200 22400 25600 35600 38700 42000 46700 50200 53700 61100 64702 163700 174100 184900 198800 210500 222700 239100 249660 1067358 1116105
30Zinc906.4 1733.3 3833 5731 7970 10400 12900 16800 19600 23000 26400 29990 40490 43800 47300 52300 55900 59700 67300 71200 179100
31Gallium578.8 1979.3 2963 6180
32Germanium762 1537.5 3302.1 4411 9020
33Arsenic947 1798 2735 4837 6043 12310
34Selenium941 2045 2973.7 4144 6590 7880 14990
35Bromine1139.9 2103 3470 4560 5760 8550 9940 18600
36Krypton1350.8 2350.4 3565 5070 6240 7570 10710 12138 22274 25880 29700 33800 37700 43100 47500 52200 57100 61800 75800 80400 85300 90400 96300 101400 111100 116290 282500 296200 311400 326200
37Rubidium403 2633 3860 5080 6850 8140 9570 13120 14500 26740
38Strontium549.5 1064.2 4138 5500 6910 8760 10230 11800 15600 17100 31270
39Yttrium600 1180 1980 5847 7430 8970 11190 12450 14110 18400 19900 36090
40Zirconium640.1 1270 2218 3313 7752 9500
41Niobium652.1 1380 2416 3700 4877 9847 12100
42Molybdenum684.3 1560 2618 4480 5257 6640.8 12125 13860 15835 17980 20190 22219 26930 29196 52490 55000 61400 67700 74000 80400 87000 93400 98420 104400 121900 127700 133800 139800 148100 154500
43Technetium702 1470 2850
44Ruthenium710.2 1620 2747
45Rhodium719.7 1740 2997
46Palladium804.4 1870 3177
47Silver731 2070 3361
48Cadmium867.8 1631.4 3616
49Indium558.3 1820.7 2704 5210
50Tin708.6 1411.8 2943 3930.3 7456
51Antimony834 1594.9 2440 4260 5400 10400
52Tellurium869.3 1790 2698 3610 5668 6820 13200
53Iodine1008.4 1845.9 3180
54Xenon1170.4 2046.4 3099.4
55Cesium375.7 2234.3 3400
56Barium502.9 965.2 3600
57Lanthanum538.1 1067 1850.3 4819 5940
58Cerium534.4 1050 1949 3547 6325 7490
59Praseodymium527 1020 2086 3761 5551
60Neodymium533.1 1040 2130 3900
61Promethium540 1050 2150 3970
62Samarium544.5 1070 2260 3990
63Europium547.1 1085 2404 4120
64Gadolinium593.4 1170 1990 4250
65Terbium565.8 1110 2114 3839
66Dysprosium573 1130 2200 3990
67Holmium581 1140 2204 4100
68Erbium589.3 1150 2194 4120
69Thulium596.7 1160 2285 4120
70Ytterbium603.4 1174.8 2417 4203
71Lutetium523.5 1340 2022.3 4370 6445
72Hafnium658.5 1440 2250 3216
73Tantalum761 1500
74Tungsten770 1700
75Rhenium760 1260 2510 3640
76Osmium840 1600
77Iridium880 1600
78Platinum870 1791
79Gold890.1 1980
80Mercury1007.1 1810 3300
81Thallium589.4 1971 2878
82Lead715.6 1450.5 3081.5 4083 6640
83Bismuth703 1610 2466 4370 5400 8520
84Polonium812.1
85Astatine899.003
86Radon1037
87Francium380
88Radium509.3 979
89Actinium499117019004700
90Thorium587 1110 1930 2780
91Protactinium568112818142991
92Uranium597.6142019003145
93Neptunium604.5112819973242
94Plutonium584.7112820843338
95Americium578115821323493
96Curium581119620263550
97Berkelium601118621523434
98Californium608120622673599
99Einsteinium619121623343734
100Fermium627122523633792
101Mendelevium635123524703840
102Nobelium642125426433956
103Lawrencium470142822284910
104Rutherfordium579.91389.42296.43077.9
105Dubnium664.81546.72378.43298.84305.2
106Seaborgium757.41732.92483.53415.64561.85715.8
107Bohrium742.91688.52566.53598.94727.85991.77226.8
108Hassium733.31756.02827.03637.54940.06175.17535.58857.4
109Meitnerium800.81823.62904.23859.44920.8
110Darmstadtium955.21891.13029.63955.95113.7
111Roentgenium1022.72074.43077.94052.45306.7
112Copernicium1154.92170.03164.74245.45499.7
113Nihonium704.92238.53023.34351.55692.6
114Flerovium823.91601.63367.34399.75847.0
115Moscovium538.41756.02653.34679.55721.6
116Livermorium663.91330285038106080
117Tennessine736.91435.42161.94012.95076.4
118Oganesson860.11560