Symbol	Bi
Atomic number	83
Group	15 (Nitrogen group)
Period	6
Block	p
Classification	Post-Transition Metal

Appearance	Lustrous silver
Color	Gray

Number of protons	83 p+
Number of neutrons	126 n0
Number of electrons	83 e-

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopediaBismuth is a chemical element with symbol Bi and atomic number 83. Bismuth, a pentavalent post-transition metal, chemically resembles arsenic and antimony. Elemental bismuth may occur naturally, although its sulfide and oxide form important commercial ores.

Phase at STP	Solid
Density	9.78 g/cm3
Atomic weight	208.98 u

Melting point	544.7 K 271.55 °C 520.79 °F
Boiling point	1837 K 1563.85 °C 2846.93 °F
Heat of vaporization	179 kJ/mol

Electronegativity (Pauling Scale)	2.02
Electron affinity	90.924 kJ/mol
Oxidation states	−3, −2, −1, +1, +2, +3, +4, +5 (a mildly acidic oxide)
Ionization energies	703 kJ/mol 1610 kJ/mol 2466 kJ/mol 4370 kJ/mol 5400 kJ/mol 8520 kJ/mol

Electron configuration Shorthand configuration	[Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s2 6p3
Electron configuration Full configuration	1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 3d10 4s2 4p6 4d10 4f14 5s2 5p6 5d10 6s2 6p3
Electron configuration chart	1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 3d10 4s2 4p6 4d10 4f14 5s2 5p6 5d10 6s2 6p3
Electrons per shell	2, 8, 18, 32, 18, 5
Valence electrons	5
Valency electrons	3,5
Bohr model	Figure: Shell diagram of Bismuth (Bi) atom.
Orbital Diagram 1s 2s 2p 3s 3p 3d 4s 4p 4d 4f 5s 5p 5d 6s 6p

Discovery

Jabirian corpus (1000)

Discovery of bismuth Bismuth was known since ancient times, but often confused with tin and lead, which are chemically similar. The Incas used bismuth (along with the usual copper and tin) in a special bronze alloy for knives. Agricola (1546) states that bismuth is a distinct metal in a family of metals including tin and lead. This was based on observation of the metals and their physical properties. Miners in the age of alchemy also gave bismuth the name tectum argenti, or "silver being made" in the sense of silver still in the process of being formed within the Earth. Beginning with Johann Heinrich Pott in 1738, Carl Wilhelm Scheele, and Torbern Olof Bergman, the distinctness of lead and bismuth became clear, and Claude François Geoffroy demonstrated in 1753 that this metal is distinct from lead and tin.

CAS Number	7440-69-9
ChemSpider ID	4514266
EC number	231-177-4
PubChem CID Number	5359367