Nickel (Ni)

Nickel is a chemical element of the periodic table with chemical symbol Ni and atomic number 28 with an atomic weight of 58.6934 u and is classed as transition metal and is part of group 10 (nickel group). Nickel is solid at room temperature.

Cobalt Periodic table Copper

Nickel in the periodic table

Symbol	Ni
Atomic number	28
Group	10 (Nickel group)
Period	4
Block	d
Classification	Transition Metal

Appearance	Lustrous, metallic, and silver with a gold tinge
Color	Gray

Number of protons	28 p⁺
Number of neutrons	31 n⁰
Number of electrons	28 e^-

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopediaNickel is a chemical element with symbol Ni and atomic number 28. It is a silvery-white lustrous metal with a slight golden tinge. Nickel belongs to the transition metals and is hard and ductile.

Physical properties

Phase at STP	Solid
Density	8.908 g/cm³
Atomic weight	58.6934 u

Thermal properties

Melting point	1728 K 1454.85 °C 2650.73 °F
Boiling point	3003 K 2729.85 °C 4945.73 °F
Heat of vaporization	377.5 kJ/mol

Atomic properties

Electronegativity (Pauling Scale)	1.91
Electron affinity	111.65 kJ/mol
Oxidation states	−2, −1, 0, +1, +2, +3, +4 (a mildly basic oxide)
Ionization energies	737.1 kJ/mol 1753 kJ/mol 3395 kJ/mol 5300 kJ/mol 7339 kJ/mol 10400 kJ/mol 12800 kJ/mol 15600 kJ/mol 18600 kJ/mol 21670 kJ/mol 30970 kJ/mol 34000 kJ/mol 37100 kJ/mol 41500 kJ/mol 44800 kJ/mol 48100 kJ/mol 55101 kJ/mol 58570 kJ/mol 148700 kJ/mol 159000 kJ/mol 169400 kJ/mol 182700 kJ/mol 194000 kJ/mol 205600 kJ/mol 221400 kJ/mol 231490 kJ/mol 992718 kJ/mol 1039668 kJ/mol

Electron configuration for nickel

Electron configuration

Shorthand configuration

[Ar] 3d⁸ 4s²

Electron configuration

Full configuration

1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s² 3p⁶ 3d⁸ 4s²

Electron configuration chart

1s²
2s²	2p⁶
3s²	3p⁶	3d⁸
4s²

Electrons per shell

2, 8, 16, 2

Valence electrons

2 or 10

Valency electrons

3,2

Bohr model

Figure: Shell diagram of Nickel (Ni) atom.

Orbital Diagram

1s
2s	2p
3s	3p	3d
4s

The history of Nickel

Discovery and first isolation

Axel Fredrik Cronstedt (1751)

Discovery of nickel

Use of nickel (as natural meteoric nickel–iron alloy) has been traced as far back as 3500 BCE. In medieval Germany, a metallic yellow mineral was found in the Erzgebirge (Ore Mountains) that resembled copper ore. But when miners were unable to get any copper from it, they blamed a mischievous sprite of German mythology, Nickel (similar to Old Nick), for besetting the copper. They called this ore Kupfernickel from German Kupfer 'copper'. This ore is now known as the mineral nickeline (formerly niccolite), a nickel arsenide. In 1751, Baron Axel Fredrik Cronstedt tried to extract copper from kupfernickel at a cobalt mine in the village of Los, Sweden, and instead produced a white metal that he named nickel after the spirit that had given its name to the mineral. In modern German, Kupfernickel or Kupfer-Nickel designates the alloy cupronickel.

Periodic table history

Identifiers

List of unique identifiers for Nickel in various chemical registry databases

CAS Number	7440-02-0
ChemSpider ID	910
EC number	231-111-4
PubChem CID Number	935