Carbon (C)

Carbon is a chemical element of the periodic table with chemical symbol C and atomic number 6 with an atomic weight of 12.0096 u and is classed as nonmetal and is part of group 14 (carbon group). Carbon is solid at room temperature.

Boron Periodic table Nitrogen

Carbon in the periodic table

Symbol	C
Atomic number	6
Group	14 (Carbon group)
Period	2
Block	p
Classification	Nonmetal

Appearance	-
Color	Black

Number of protons	6 p⁺
Number of neutrons	6 n⁰
Number of electrons	6 e^-

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopediaCarbon (from Latin:carbo "coal") is a chemical element with symbol C and atomic number 6. On the periodic table, it is the first (row 2) of six elements in column (group) 14, which have in common the composition of their outer electron shell. It is nonmetallic and tetravalent—making four electrons available to form covalent chemical bonds.

Physical properties

Phase at STP	Solid
Density	1.821 g/cm³
Atomic weight	12.0096 u

Thermal properties

Melting point	-
Boiling point	-
Heat of vaporization	715 kJ/mol

Atomic properties

Electronegativity (Pauling Scale)	2.55
Electron affinity	121.776 kJ/mol
Oxidation states	−4, −3, −2, −1, 0, +1, +2, +3, +4 (a mildly acidic oxide)
Ionization energies	1086.5 kJ/mol 2352.6 kJ/mol 4620.5 kJ/mol 6222.7 kJ/mol 37831 kJ/mol 47277 kJ/mol

Electron configuration for carbon

Electron configuration

Shorthand configuration

[He] 2s² 2p²

Electron configuration

Full configuration

1s² 2s² 2p²

Electron configuration chart

1s²
2s²	2p²

Electrons per shell

2, 4

Valence electrons

4

Valency electrons

4

Bohr model

Figure: Shell diagram of Carbon (C) atom.

Orbital Diagram

1s
2s		2p

The history of Carbon

Discovery	Egyptians and Sumerians (3750 BC)
First isolation	Antoine Lavoisier (1789)
Recognized as an element by	Antoine Lavoisier (1789)
Discovery of carbon Carbon was discovered in prehistory and was known in the forms of soot and charcoal to the earliest human civilizations. The earliest known use of charcoal was for the reduction of copper, zinc, and tin ores in the manufacture of bronze, by the Egyptians and Sumerians. Diamonds were known probably as early as 2500 BC in China, while carbon in the form of charcoal was made around Roman times by the same chemistry as it is today, by heating wood in a pyramid covered with clay to exclude air. True chemical analyses were made in the 18th century, and in 1789 carbon was listed by Antoine Lavoisier as an element.

Periodic table history

Identifiers

List of unique identifiers for Carbon in various chemical registry databases

CAS Number	7440-44-0
ChemSpider ID	4575370
EC number	231-153-3
PubChem CID Number	5462310