Zirconium (Zr)

Zirconium is a chemical element of the periodic table with chemical symbol Zr and atomic number 40 with an atomic weight of 91.2242 u and is classed as transition metal and is part of group 4 (titanium group). Zirconium is solid at room temperature.

Yttrium Periodic table Niobium

Zirconium in the periodic table

Symbol	Zr
Atomic number	40
Group	4 (Titanium group)
Period	5
Block	d
Classification	Transition Metal

Appearance	Silvery white
Color	Silver

Number of protons	40 p⁺
Number of neutrons	51 n⁰
Number of electrons	40 e^-

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopediaZirconium is a chemical element with symbol Zr and atomic number 40. The name of zirconium is taken from the name of the mineral zircon, the most important source of zirconium. The word zircon comes from the Persian word zargun زرگون, meaning "gold-colored".

Physical properties

Phase at STP	Solid
Density	6.52 g/cm³
Atomic weight	91.2242 u

Thermal properties

Melting point	2128 K 1854.85 °C 3370.73 °F
Boiling point	4650 K 4376.85 °C 7910.33 °F
Heat of vaporization	590.5 kJ/mol

Atomic properties

Electronegativity (Pauling Scale)	1.33
Electron affinity	41.806 kJ/mol
Oxidation states	−2, 0, +1, +2, +3, +4 (an amphoteric oxide)
Ionization energies	640.1 kJ/mol 1270 kJ/mol 2218 kJ/mol 3313 kJ/mol 7752 kJ/mol 9500 kJ/mol

Electron configuration for zirconium

Electron configuration

Shorthand configuration

[Kr] 4d² 5s²

Electron configuration

Full configuration

1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s² 3p⁶ 3d¹⁰ 4s² 4p⁶ 4d² 5s²

Electron configuration chart

1s²
2s²	2p⁶
3s²	3p⁶	3d¹⁰
4s²	4p⁶	4d²
5s²

Electrons per shell

2, 8, 18, 10, 2

Valence electrons

4

Valency electrons

4

Bohr model

Figure: Shell diagram of Zirconium (Zr) atom.

Orbital Diagram

1s
2s	2p
3s	3p	3d
4s	4p	4d
5s

The history of Zirconium

Discovery	Martin Heinrich Klaproth (1789)
First isolation	Jöns Jakob Berzelius (1824)
Discovery of zirconium The zirconium-containing mineral zircon and related minerals (jargoon, hyacinth, jacinth, ligure) were mentioned in biblical writings. The mineral was not known to contain a new element until 1789, when Klaproth analyzed a jargoon from the island of Ceylon (now Sri Lanka). He named the new element Zirkonerde (zirconia). Humphry Davy attempted to isolate this new element in 1808 through electrolysis, but failed. Zirconium metal was first obtained in an impure form in 1824 by Berzelius by heating a mixture of potassium and potassium zirconium fluoride in an iron tube.The crystal bar process (also known as the Iodide Process), discovered by Anton Eduard van Arkel and Jan Hendrik de Boer in 1925, was the first industrial process for the commercial production of metallic zirconium.

Periodic table history

Identifiers

List of unique identifiers for Zirconium in various chemical registry databases

CAS Number	7440-67-7
ChemSpider ID	22431
EC number	231-176-9
PubChem CID Number	23995