Símbolo | Bi |
Número atómico | 83 |
Grupo | 15 (Familia del nitrógeno) |
Período | 6 |
Bloque | p |
Clasificación | Metal del bloque p |
Apariencia | Lustrous silver |
Color | Gris |
Número de protones | 83 p+ |
Número de neutrones | 126 n0 |
Número de electrones | 83 e- |
Fase en STP | Sólido |
Densidad | 9.78 g/cm3 |
Peso atómico | 208.98 u |
Punto de fusión | 544.7 K 271.55 °C 520.79 °F |
Punto de ebullición | 1837 K 1563.85 °C 2846.93 °F |
Entalpía de vaporización | 179 kJ/mol |
Electronegatividad (Escala de Pauling) | 2.02 |
Afinidad electrónica | 90.924 kJ/mol |
Estado de oxidación | −3, −2, −1, +1, +2, +3, +4, +5 (a mildly acidic oxide) |
Energía de ionización |
|
Descubrimiento | Jabirian corpus (1000) |
Descubrimiento de bismuto Bismuth was known since ancient times, but often confused with tin and lead, which are chemically similar. The Incas used bismuth (along with the usual copper and tin) in a special bronze alloy for knives. Agricola (1546) states that bismuth is a distinct metal in a family of metals including tin and lead. This was based on observation of the metals and their physical properties. Miners in the age of alchemy also gave bismuth the name tectum argenti, or "silver being made" in the sense of silver still in the process of being formed within the Earth. Beginning with Johann Heinrich Pott in 1738, Carl Wilhelm Scheele, and Torbern Olof Bergman, the distinctness of lead and bismuth became clear, and Claude François Geoffroy demonstrated in 1753 that this metal is distinct from lead and tin. |