Símbolo | Pb |
Número atómico | 82 |
Grupo | 14 (Familia del carbono) |
Período | 6 |
Bloque | p |
Clasificación | Metal del bloque p |
Apariencia | Metallic gray |
Color | Gris Pizarra |
Número de protones | 82 p+ |
Número de neutrones | 125 n0 |
Número de electrones | 82 e- |
Fase en STP | Sólido |
Densidad | 11.34 g/cm3 |
Peso atómico | 207.21 u |
Punto de fusión | 600.61 K 327.46 °C 621.428 °F |
Punto de ebullición | 2022 K 1748.85 °C 3179.93 °F |
Entalpía de vaporización | 177.9 kJ/mol |
Electronegatividad (Escala de Pauling) | 1.87 |
Afinidad electrónica | 34.4204 kJ/mol |
Estado de oxidación | −4, −2, −1, +1, +2, +3, +4 (an amphoteric oxide) |
Energía de ionización |
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Descubrimiento | Africa (7000 BC) |
Descubrimiento de plomo Metallic lead beads dating back to 7000–6500 BCE have been found in Asia Minor and may represent the first example of metal smelting. At that time lead had few (if any) applications due to its softness and dull appearance. The Ancient Egyptians were the first to use lead minerals in cosmetics, an application that spread to Ancient Greece and beyond. The oldest known artifact of lead is a statuette found at the temple of Osiris on the site of Abydos dated around 3800 BC. |