Símbolo | F |
Número atómico | 9 |
Grupo | 17 (Familia del flúor) |
Período | 2 |
Bloque | p |
Clasificación | No metal |
Apariencia | - |
Color | Incoloro |
Número de protones | 9 p+ |
Número de neutrones | 10 n0 |
Número de electrones | 9 e- |
Fase en STP | Gas |
Densidad | 1.696 g/cm3 |
Peso atómico | 18.9984 u |
Punto de fusión | 53.48 K -219.67 °C -363.406 °F |
Punto de ebullición | 85.03 K -188.12 °C -306.616 °F |
Entalpía de vaporización | 3.2698 kJ/mol |
Electronegatividad (Escala de Pauling) | 3.98 |
Afinidad electrónica | 328.165 kJ/mol |
Estado de oxidación | −1, 0 (oxidizes oxygen) |
Energía de ionización |
|
Descubrimiento | André-Marie Ampère (1810) |
Primer aislamiento | Henri Moissan (1886) |
Nombrado por | Humphry Davy, André-Marie Ampère |
Descubrimiento de flúor Fluorite, the primary mineral source of fluorine which gave the element its name, was first described in 1529; as it was added to metal ores to lower their melting points for smelting, the Latin verb fluo meaning 'flow' gave the mineral its name. Proposed as an element in 1810, fluorine proved difficult and dangerous to separate from its compounds, and several early experimenters died or sustained injuries from their attempts. Only in 1886 did French chemist Henri Moissan isolate elemental fluorine using low-temperature electrolysis, a process still employed for modern production. |