Símbolo | O |
Número atómico | 8 |
Grupo | 16 (Familia del oxígeno) |
Período | 2 |
Bloque | p |
Clasificación | No metal |
Apariencia | - |
Color | Incoloro |
Número de protones | 8 p+ |
Número de neutrones | 8 n0 |
Número de electrones | 8 e- |
Fase en STP | Gas |
Densidad | 1.429 g/cm3 |
Peso atómico | 15.999 u |
Punto de fusión | 54.36 K -218.79 °C -361.822 °F |
Punto de ebullición | 90.188 K -182.962 °C -297.3316 °F |
Entalpía de vaporización | 3.4109 kJ/mol |
Electronegatividad (Escala de Pauling) | 3.44 |
Afinidad electrónica | 140.976 kJ/mol |
Estado de oxidación | −2, −1, 0, +1, +2 () |
Energía de ionización |
|
Descubrimiento | Carl Wilhelm Scheele (1771) |
Primer aislamiento | Antoine Lavoisier (1771) |
Nombrado por | Antoine Lavoisier |
Descubrimiento de oxígeno Oxygen was isolated by Michael Sendivogius before 1604, but it is commonly believed that the element was discovered independently by Carl Wilhelm Scheele, in Uppsala, in 1773 or earlier, and Joseph Priestley in Wiltshire, in 1774. Priority is often given for Priestley because his work was published first. Priestley, however, called oxygen "dephlogisticated air", and did not recognize it as a chemical element. The name oxygen was coined in 1777 by Antoine Lavoisier, who first recognized oxygen as a chemical element and correctly characterized the role it plays in combustion. Lavoisier renamed 'vital air' to oxygène in 1777 from the Greek roots ὀξύς (oxys), because he mistakenly believed that oxygen was a constituent of all acids. Chemists (such as Sir Humphry Davy in 1812) eventually determined that Lavoisier was wrong in this regard, but by then the name was too well established. |