Tecken | F |
Atomnummer | 9 |
Grupp | 17 (Halogener) |
Period | 2 |
Block | p |
Ämnesklass | Icke-metall |
Utseende | - |
Färg | Färglös |
Antal protoner | 9 p+ |
Antal neutroner | 10 n0 |
Antal elektroner | 9 e- |
Fas vid STP | Gas |
Densitet | 1.696 g/cm3 |
Relativ atommassa | 18.9984 u |
Smältpunkt | 53.48 K -219.67 °C -363.406 °F |
Kokpunkt | 85.03 K -188.12 °C -306.616 °F |
Ångbildningsvärme | 3.2698 kJ/mol |
Elektronegativitet (Paulingskalan) | 3.98 |
Elektronaffinitet | 328.165 kJ/mol |
Oxidationstal | −1, 0 (oxidizes oxygen) |
Jonisationspotential |
|
Upptäckt | André-Marie Ampère (1810) |
Första isolation | Henri Moissan (1886) |
Namngivare | Humphry Davy, André-Marie Ampère |
Upptäckten av fluor Fluorite, the primary mineral source of fluorine which gave the element its name, was first described in 1529; as it was added to metal ores to lower their melting points for smelting, the Latin verb fluo meaning 'flow' gave the mineral its name. Proposed as an element in 1810, fluorine proved difficult and dangerous to separate from its compounds, and several early experimenters died or sustained injuries from their attempts. Only in 1886 did French chemist Henri Moissan isolate elemental fluorine using low-temperature electrolysis, a process still employed for modern production. |