Símbolo | N |
Número atómico | 7 |
Grupo | 15 (Familia del nitrógeno) |
Período | 2 |
Bloque | p |
Clasificación | No metal |
Apariencia | Colorless gas, liquid or solid |
Color | Incoloro |
Número de protones | 7 p+ |
Número de neutrones | 7 n0 |
Número de electrones | 7 e- |
Fase en STP | Gas |
Densidad | 1.251 g/cm3 |
Peso atómico | 14.0064 u |
Punto de fusión | 63.15 K -210 °C -346 °F |
Punto de ebullición | 77.355 K -195.795 °C -320.431 °F |
Entalpía de vaporización | 2.7928 kJ/mol |
Electronegatividad (Escala de Pauling) | 3.04 |
Afinidad electrónica | -6.8 kJ/mol |
Estado de oxidación | −3, −2, −1, +1, +2, +3, +4, +5 (a strongly acidic oxide) |
Energía de ionización |
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Descubrimiento y primer aislamiento | Daniel Rutherford (1772) |
Nombrado por | Jean-Antoine Chaptal (1790) |
Descubrimiento de nitrógeno Nitrogen was first discovered and isolated by Scottish physician Daniel Rutherford in 1772, he discovered nitrogen while studying at the University of Edinburgh. He showed that the air in which animals had breathed, even after removal of the exhaled carbon dioxide, was no longer able to burn a candle. Although Carl Wilhelm Scheele and Henry Cavendish had independently done so at about the same time, Rutherford is generally accorded the credit because his work was published first. The name nitrogène was suggested by French chemist Jean-Antoine-Claude Chaptal in 1790 when it was found that nitrogen was present in nitric acid and nitrates. |