Símbolo | Ni |
Número atómico | 28 |
Grupo | 10 (Familia del níquel) |
Período | 4 |
Bloque | d |
Clasificación | Metal de transición |
Apariencia | Lustrous, metallic, and silver with a gold tinge |
Color | Gris |
Número de protones | 28 p+ |
Número de neutrones | 31 n0 |
Número de electrones | 28 e- |
Fase en STP | Sólido |
Densidad | 8.908 g/cm3 |
Peso atómico | 58.6934 u |
Punto de fusión | 1728 K 1454.85 °C 2650.73 °F |
Punto de ebullición | 3003 K 2729.85 °C 4945.73 °F |
Entalpía de vaporización | 377.5 kJ/mol |
Electronegatividad (Escala de Pauling) | 1.91 |
Afinidad electrónica | 111.65 kJ/mol |
Estado de oxidación | −2, −1, 0, +1, +2, +3, +4 (a mildly basic oxide) |
Energía de ionización |
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Descubrimiento y primer aislamiento | Axel Fredrik Cronstedt (1751) |
Descubrimiento de níquel Use of nickel (as natural meteoric nickel–iron alloy) has been traced as far back as 3500 BCE. In medieval Germany, a metallic yellow mineral was found in the Erzgebirge (Ore Mountains) that resembled copper ore. But when miners were unable to get any copper from it, they blamed a mischievous sprite of German mythology, Nickel (similar to Old Nick), for besetting the copper. They called this ore Kupfernickel from German Kupfer 'copper'. This ore is now known as the mineral nickeline (formerly niccolite), a nickel arsenide. In 1751, Baron Axel Fredrik Cronstedt tried to extract copper from kupfernickel at a cobalt mine in the village of Los, Sweden, and instead produced a white metal that he named nickel after the spirit that had given its name to the mineral. In modern German, Kupfernickel or Kupfer-Nickel designates the alloy cupronickel. |