Símbolo | Cu |
Número atómico | 29 |
Grupo | 11 (Metales de acuñación) |
Período | 4 |
Bloque | d |
Clasificación | Metal de transición |
Apariencia | Red-orange metallic luster |
Color | Cobre |
Número de protones | 29 p+ |
Número de neutrones | 35 n0 |
Número de electrones | 29 e- |
Fase en STP | Sólido |
Densidad | 8.96 g/cm3 |
Peso atómico | 63.5463 u |
Punto de fusión | 1357.77 K 1084.62 °C 1984.316 °F |
Punto de ebullición | 2835 K 2561.85 °C 4643.33 °F |
Entalpía de vaporización | 300.5 kJ/mol |
Electronegatividad (Escala de Pauling) | 1.9 |
Afinidad electrónica | 119.235 kJ/mol |
Estado de oxidación | −2, 0, +1, +2, +3, +4 (a mildly basic oxide) |
Energía de ionización |
|
Descubrimiento | Middle East (9000 BC) |
Descubrimiento de cobre Copper was probably the first metal mined and crafted by humans. It was originally obtained as a native metal and later from the smelting of ores. Earliest estimates of the discovery of copper suggest around 9000 BC in the Middle East. It was one of the most important materials to humans throughout the Chalcolithic and Bronze Ages. Copper beads dating from 6000 BC have been found in Çatal Höyük, Anatolia and the archaeological site of Belovode on the Rudnik mountain in Serbia contains the world's oldest securely dated evidence of copper smelting from 5000 BC. |