Tecken | Ni |
Atomnummer | 28 |
Grupp | 10 (Nickelgruppen) |
Period | 4 |
Block | d |
Ämnesklass | Övergångsmetall |
Utseende | Lustrous, metallic, and silver with a gold tinge |
Färg | Grå |
Antal protoner | 28 p+ |
Antal neutroner | 31 n0 |
Antal elektroner | 28 e- |
Fas vid STP | Fast |
Densitet | 8.908 g/cm3 |
Relativ atommassa | 58.6934 u |
Smältpunkt | 1728 K 1454.85 °C 2650.73 °F |
Kokpunkt | 3003 K 2729.85 °C 4945.73 °F |
Ångbildningsvärme | 377.5 kJ/mol |
Elektronegativitet (Paulingskalan) | 1.91 |
Elektronaffinitet | 111.65 kJ/mol |
Oxidationstal | −2, −1, 0, +1, +2, +3, +4 (a mildly basic oxide) |
Jonisationspotential |
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Upptäckt och första isolation | Axel Fredrik Cronstedt (1751) |
Upptäckten av nickel Use of nickel (as natural meteoric nickel–iron alloy) has been traced as far back as 3500 BCE. In medieval Germany, a metallic yellow mineral was found in the Erzgebirge (Ore Mountains) that resembled copper ore. But when miners were unable to get any copper from it, they blamed a mischievous sprite of German mythology, Nickel (similar to Old Nick), for besetting the copper. They called this ore Kupfernickel from German Kupfer 'copper'. This ore is now known as the mineral nickeline (formerly niccolite), a nickel arsenide. In 1751, Baron Axel Fredrik Cronstedt tried to extract copper from kupfernickel at a cobalt mine in the village of Los, Sweden, and instead produced a white metal that he named nickel after the spirit that had given its name to the mineral. In modern German, Kupfernickel or Kupfer-Nickel designates the alloy cupronickel. |