Símbolo | Tl |
Número atómico | 81 |
Grupo | 13 (Familia del boro) |
Período | 6 |
Bloque | p |
Clasificación | Metal del bloque p |
Apariencia | Silvery white |
Color | Plata |
Número de protones | 81 p+ |
Número de neutrones | 123 n0 |
Número de electrones | 81 e- |
Fase en STP | Sólido |
Densidad | 11.85 g/cm3 |
Peso atómico | 204.382 u |
Punto de fusión | 577 K 303.85 °C 578.93 °F |
Punto de ebullición | 1746 K 1472.85 °C 2683.13 °F |
Entalpía de vaporización | 162.09 kJ/mol |
Electronegatividad (Escala de Pauling) | 1.62 |
Afinidad electrónica | 36.4 kJ/mol |
Estado de oxidación | −5, −2, −1, +1, +2, +3 (a mildly basic oxide) |
Energía de ionización |
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Descubrimiento | William Crookes (1861) |
Primer aislamiento | Claude-Auguste Lamy (1862) |
Descubrimiento de talio Thallium (Greek θαλλός, thallos, meaning "a green shoot or twig") was discovered by William Crookes and Claude Auguste Lamy, working independently, both using flame spectroscopy (Crookes was first to publish his findings, on March 30, 1861). The name comes from thallium's bright green spectral emission lines. As both scientists discovered thallium independently and a large part of the work, especially the isolation of the metallic thallium was done by Lamy, Crookes tried to secure his own priority on the work. Lamy was awarded a medal at the International Exhibition in London 1862: For the discovery of a new and abundant source of thallium and after heavy protest Crookes also received a medal: thallium, for the discovery of the new element. |