Símbolo | V |
Número atómico | 23 |
Grupo | 5 (Familia del vanadio) |
Período | 4 |
Bloque | d |
Clasificación | Metal de transición |
Apariencia | Blue-silver-grey metal |
Color | Plata |
Número de protones | 23 p+ |
Número de neutrones | 28 n0 |
Número de electrones | 23 e- |
Fase en STP | Sólido |
Densidad | 6 g/cm3 |
Peso atómico | 50.9415 u |
Punto de fusión | 2183 K 1909.85 °C 3469.73 °F |
Punto de ebullición | 3680 K 3406.85 °C 6164.33 °F |
Entalpía de vaporización | 446.7 kJ/mol |
Electronegatividad (Escala de Pauling) | 1.63 |
Afinidad electrónica | 50.911 kJ/mol |
Estado de oxidación | −3, −1, 0, +1, +2, +3, +4, +5 (an amphoteric oxide) |
Energía de ionización |
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Descubrimiento y primer aislamiento | Andrés Manuel del Río (1801) |
Nombrado por | Nils Gabriel Sefström (1867) |
Descubrimiento de vanadio Spanish scientist Andrés Manuel del Río discovered compounds of vanadium in 1801 in Mexico by analyzing a new lead-bearing mineral he called "brown lead". Though he initially presumed its qualities were due to the presence of a new element, he was later erroneously convinced by French chemist Hippolyte Victor Collet-Descotils that the element was just chromium. Then in 1830, Nils Gabriel Sefström generated chlorides of vanadium, thus proving there was a new element, and named it "vanadium" after the Scandinavian goddess of beauty and fertility, Vanadís (Freyja). The name was based on the wide range of colors found in vanadium compounds. Del Rio's lead mineral was ultimately named vanadinite for its vanadium content. In 1867 Henry Enfield Roscoe obtained the pure element. |