Símbolo | Ti |
Número atómico | 22 |
Grupo | 4 (Familia del titanio) |
Período | 4 |
Bloque | d |
Clasificación | Metal de transición |
Apariencia | Silvery grey-white metallic |
Color | Plata |
Número de protones | 22 p+ |
Número de neutrones | 26 n0 |
Número de electrones | 22 e- |
Fase en STP | Sólido |
Densidad | 4.506 g/cm3 |
Peso atómico | 47.8671 u |
Punto de fusión | 1941 K 1667.85 °C 3034.13 °F |
Punto de ebullición | 3560 K 3286.85 °C 5948.33 °F |
Entalpía de vaporización | 425.2 kJ/mol |
Electronegatividad (Escala de Pauling) | 1.54 |
Afinidad electrónica | 7.289 kJ/mol |
Estado de oxidación | −2, −1, 0, +1, +2, +3, +4 (an amphoteric oxide) |
Energía de ionización |
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Descubrimiento | William Gregor (1791) |
Primer aislamiento | Jöns Jakob Berzelius (1825) |
Nombrado por | Martin Heinrich Klaproth (1795) |
Descubrimiento de titanio Titanium was discovered in 1791 by the clergyman and geologist William Gregor as an inclusion of a mineral in Cornwall, Great Britain. Gregor recognized the presence of a new element in ilmenite when he found black sand by a stream and noticed the sand was attracted by a magnet. Analyzing the sand, he determined the presence of two metal oxides: iron oxide (explaining the attraction to the magnet) and 45.25% of a white metallic oxide he could not identify. Realizing that the unidentified oxide contained a metal that did not match any known element, in 1791 Gregor reported his findings in both German and French science journals:Crell's Annalen and Observations et Mémoires sur la Physique. Around the same time, Franz-Joseph Müller von Reichenstein produced a similar substance, but could not identify it. The oxide was independently rediscovered in 1795 by Prussian chemist Martin Heinrich Klaproth in rutile from Boinik (the German name of Bajmócska), a village in Hungary (now Bojničky in Slovakia). Klaproth found that it contained a new element and named it for the Titans of Greek mythology. After hearing about Gregor's earlier discovery, he obtained a sample of manaccanite and confirmed that it contained titanium. |