Símbolo | Cr |
Número atómico | 24 |
Grupo | 6 (Familia del cromo) |
Período | 4 |
Bloque | d |
Clasificación | Metal de transición |
Apariencia | Silvery metallic |
Color | Plata |
Número de protones | 24 p+ |
Número de neutrones | 28 n0 |
Número de electrones | 24 e- |
Fase en STP | Sólido |
Densidad | 7.19 g/cm3 |
Peso atómico | 51.9962 u |
Punto de fusión | 2180 K 1906.85 °C 3464.33 °F |
Punto de ebullición | 2944 K 2670.85 °C 4839.53 °F |
Entalpía de vaporización | 339.5 kJ/mol |
Electronegatividad (Escala de Pauling) | 1.66 |
Afinidad electrónica | 65.21 kJ/mol |
Estado de oxidación | −4, −2, −1, 0, +1, +2, +3, +4, +5, +6 (depending on the oxidation state, an acidic, basic, or amphoteric oxide) |
Energía de ionización |
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Descubrimiento | Louis Nicolas Vauquelin (1794) |
Primer aislamiento | Louis Nicolas Vauquelin (1797) |
Descubrimiento de cromo Chromium minerals as pigments came to the attention of the west in the eighteenth century. On 26 July 1761, Johann Gottlob Lehmann found an orange-red mineral in the Beryozovskoye mines in the Ural Mountains which he named Siberian red lead. In 1770, Peter Simon Pallas visited the same site as Lehmann and found a red lead mineral that was discovered to possess useful properties as a pigment in paints. After Pallas, the use of Siberian red lead as a paint pigment began to develop rapidly throughout the region. Crocoite would be the principal source of chromium in pigments until the discovery of chromite many years later. In 1794, Louis Nicolas Vauquelin received samples of crocoite ore. He produced chromium trioxide (CrO3) by mixing crocoite with hydrochloric acid. In 1797, Vauquelin discovered that he could isolate metallic chromium by heating the oxide in a charcoal oven, for which he is credited as the one who truly discovered the element. |