Símbolo | Sc |
Número atómico | 21 |
Grupo | 3 (Familia del escandio) |
Período | 4 |
Bloque | d |
Clasificación | Metal de transición |
Apariencia | Silvery white |
Color | Plata |
Número de protones | 21 p+ |
Número de neutrones | 24 n0 |
Número de electrones | 21 e- |
Fase en STP | Sólido |
Densidad | 2.985 g/cm3 |
Peso atómico | 44.9559 u |
Punto de fusión | 1814 K 1540.85 °C 2805.53 °F |
Punto de ebullición | 3109 K 2835.85 °C 5136.53 °F |
Entalpía de vaporización | 304.8 kJ/mol |
Electronegatividad (Escala de Pauling) | 1.36 |
Afinidad electrónica | 18 kJ/mol |
Estado de oxidación | 0, +1, +2, +3 (an amphoteric oxide) |
Energía de ionización |
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Predicción | Dmitrij Mendelejev (1871) |
Descubrimiento y primer aislamiento | Lars Fredrik Nilson (1879) |
Descubrimiento de escandio Dmitri Mendeleev, who is referred to as the father of the periodic table, predicted the existence of an element ekaboron, with an atomic mass between 40 and 48 in 1869. Lars Fredrik Nilson and his team detected this element in the minerals euxenite and gadolinite in 1879. Nilson prepared 2 grams of scandium oxide of high purity. He named the element scandium, from the Latin Scandia meaning "Scandinavia". Nilson was apparently unaware of Mendeleev's prediction, but Per Teodor Cleve recognized the correspondence and notified Mendeleev. Metallic scandium was produced for the first time in 1937 by electrolysis of a eutectic mixture of potassium, lithium, and scandium chlorides, at 700–800 °C. |