Símbolo | Ca |
Número atómico | 20 |
Grupo | 3 (Familia del escandio) |
Período | 4 |
Bloque | d |
Clasificación | Alcalinotérreos |
Apariencia | - |
Color | Plata |
Número de protones | 20 p+ |
Número de neutrones | 20 n0 |
Número de electrones | 20 e- |
Fase en STP | Sólido |
Densidad | 1.55 g/cm3 |
Peso atómico | 40.0784 u |
Punto de fusión | 1115 K 841.85 °C 1547.33 °F |
Punto de ebullición | 1757 K 1483.85 °C 2702.93 °F |
Entalpía de vaporización | 154.67 kJ/mol |
Electronegatividad (Escala de Pauling) | 1 |
Afinidad electrónica | 2.37 kJ/mol |
Estado de oxidación | +1, +2 (a strongly basic oxide) |
Energía de ionización |
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Descubrimiento y primer aislamiento | Humphry Davy (1808) |
Descubrimiento de calcio Calcium compounds were known for millennia, although their chemical makeup was not understood until the 17th century. Lime as a building material and as plaster for statues was used as far back as around 7000 BC. Vitruvius, a Roman architect, noted that the lime that resulted was lighter than the original limestone, attributing this to the boiling of the water. In 1755, Joseph Black proved that this was due to the loss of carbon dioxide, which as a gas had not been recognised by the ancient Romans. In 1789, Antoine Lavoisier suspected that lime might be an oxide of a fundamental chemical element. Calcium, along with its congeners magnesium, strontium, and barium, was first isolated by Humphry Davy in 1808. Following the work of Jöns Jakob Berzelius and Magnus Martin af Pontin on electrolysis. |