Símbolo | Pt |
Número atómico | 78 |
Grupo | 10 (Familia del níquel) |
Período | 6 |
Bloque | d |
Clasificación | Metal de transición |
Apariencia | Silvery white |
Color | Gris |
Número de protones | 78 p+ |
Número de neutrones | 117 n0 |
Número de electrones | 78 e- |
Fase en STP | Sólido |
Densidad | 21.45 g/cm3 |
Peso atómico | 195.085 u |
Punto de fusión | 2041.4 K 1768.25 °C 3214.85 °F |
Punto de ebullición | 4098 K 3824.85 °C 6916.73 °F |
Entalpía de vaporización | 510.45 kJ/mol |
Electronegatividad (Escala de Pauling) | 2.28 |
Afinidad electrónica | 205.041 kJ/mol |
Estado de oxidación | −3, −2, −1, 0, +1, +2, +3, +4, +5, +6 (a mildly basic oxide) |
Energía de ionización |
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Descubrimiento | Antonio de Ulloa (1735) |
Descubrimiento de platino Archaeologists have discovered traces of platinum in the gold used in ancient Egyptian burials as early as 1200 BCE. The first European reference to platinum appears in 1557 in the writings of the Italian humanist Julius Caesar Scaliger as a description of an unknown noble metal found between Darién and Mexico, "which no fire nor any Spanish artifice has yet been able to liquefy". In 1735, Antonio de Ulloa and Jorge Juan y Santacilia saw Native Americans mining platinum while the Spaniards were travelling through Colombia and Peru for eight years. Ulloa and Juan found mines with the whitish metal nuggets and took them home to Spain. Antonio de Ulloa returned to Spain and established the first mineralogy lab in Spain and was the first to systematically study platinum, which was in 1748. His historical account of the expedition included a description of platinum as being neither separable nor calcinable. Ulloa also anticipated the discovery of platinum mines. After publishing the report in 1748, Ulloa did not continue to investigate the new metal. In 1752, Henrik Scheffer published a detailed scientific description of the metal, which he referred to as "white gold", including an account of how he succeeded in fusing platinum ore with the aid of arsenic. Scheffer described platinum as being less pliable than gold, but with similar resistance to corrosion. |