Símbolo | He |
Número atómico | 2 |
Grupo | 18 (Gases nobles) |
Período | 1 |
Bloque | s |
Clasificación | Gases nobles |
Apariencia | Colorless gas, exhibiting a red-orange glow when placed in a high-voltage electric field |
Color | Incoloro |
Número de protones | 2 p+ |
Número de neutrones | 2 n0 |
Número de electrones | 2 e- |
Fase en STP | Gas |
Densidad | 0.1786 g/cm3 |
Peso atómico | 4.0026 u |
Punto de fusión | 0.95 K -272.2 °C -457.96 °F |
Punto de ebullición | 4.222 K -268.928 °C -452.0704 °F |
Entalpía de vaporización | 0.0845 kJ/mol |
Electronegatividad (Escala de Pauling) | - |
Afinidad electrónica | -48 kJ/mol |
Estado de oxidación | 0 |
Energía de ionización |
|
Descubrimiento | Pierre Janssen, Norman Lockyer (1868) |
Primer aislamiento | William Ramsay, Per Teodor Cleve, Abraham Langlet (1895) |
Nombrado por | Edward Frankland, Norman Lockyer (1868) |
Descubrimiento de helio Helium was first detected as an unknown, yellow spectral line signature in sunlight during a solar eclipse in 1868 by Georges Rayet, Captain C. T. Haig, Norman R. Pogson, and Lieutenant John Herschel, and was subsequently confirmed by French astronomer Jules Janssen during a total solar eclipse in Guntur, India. Janssen is often jointly credited with detecting the element, along with Norman Lockyer. Janssen recorded the helium spectral line during the solar eclipse of 1868, while Lockyer observed it from Britain. Lockyer was the first to propose that the line was due to a new element. Lockyer and English chemist Edward Frankland named the element with the Greek word for the Sun, ἥλιος (helios). The formal discovery of the element was made in 1895 by chemists Sir William Ramsay, Per Teodor Cleve, and Nils Abraham Langlet, who found helium emanating from the uranium ore, cleveite, which is now not regarded as a separate mineral species, but as a variety of uraninite. |