| Tecken | Ge |
| Atomnummer | 32 |
| Grupp | 14 (Kolgruppen) |
| Period | 4 |
| Block | p |
| Ämnesklass | Halvmetall |
| Utseende | Grayish-white |
| Färg | Grå |
| Antal protoner | 32 p+ |
| Antal neutroner | 41 n0 |
| Antal elektroner | 32 e- |
| Fas vid STP | Fast |
| Densitet | 5.323 g/cm3 |
| Relativ atommassa | 72.6308 u |
| Smältpunkt | 1211.4 K 938.25 °C 1720.85 °F |
| Kokpunkt | 3106 K 2832.85 °C 5131.13 °F |
| Ångbildningsvärme | 334.3 kJ/mol |
| Elektronegativitet (Paulingskalan) | 2.01 |
| Elektronaffinitet | 118.935 kJ/mol |
| Oxidationstal | −4 −3, −2, −1, 0, +1, +2, +3, +4 (an amphoteric oxide) |
| Jonisationspotential |
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| Förutsägelse | Dmitri Mendeleev (1869) |
| Upptäckt och första isolation | Clemens Winkler (1886) |
Upptäckten av germanium Because it seldom appears in high concentration, germanium was discovered comparatively late in the discovery of the elements. Germanium ranks near fiftieth in relative abundance of the elements in the Earth's crust. In his report on The Periodic Law of the Chemical Elements in 1869, the Russian chemist Dmitri Mendeleev predicted the existence of several unknown chemical elements, including one that would fill a gap in the carbon family, located between silicon and tin. Because of its position in his periodic table, Mendeleev called it ekasilicon (Es), and he estimated its atomic weight to be 70 (later 72). In 1886, Clemens Winkler at Freiberg University found the new element, along with silver and sulfur, in the mineral argyrodite. Winkler named the element after his country, Germany. Germanium is mined primarily from sphalerite (the primary ore of zinc), though germanium is also recovered commercially from silver, lead, and copper ores. | |