Símbolo | Fr |
Número atómico | 87 |
Grupo | 1 (Alcalino) |
Período | 7 |
Bloque | s |
Clasificación | Alcalino |
Apariencia | - |
Color | Plata |
Número de protones | 87 p+ |
Número de neutrones | 136 n0 |
Número de electrones | 87 e- |
Fase en STP | Sólido |
Densidad | 1.87 g/cm3 |
Peso atómico | 223 u |
Punto de fusión | 300 K 26.85 °C 80.33 °F |
Punto de ebullición | 950 K 676.85 °C 1250.33 °F |
Entalpía de vaporización | 64 kJ/mol |
Electronegatividad (Escala de Pauling) | 0.79 |
Afinidad electrónica | 46.89 kJ/mol |
Estado de oxidación | +1 (a strongly basic oxide) |
Energía de ionización |
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Descubrimiento y primer aislamiento | Marguerite Perey (1939) |
Descubrimiento de francio Francium was discovered by Marguerite Perey in France (from which the element takes its name) in 1939. Prior to its discovery, it was referred to as eka-caesium or ekacaesium because of its conjectured existence below caesium in the periodic table. It was the last element discovered in nature, rather than synthesized, following hafnium and rhenium. Perey named the new isotope actinium-K (it is now referred to as francium-223) and in 1946, she proposed the name catium (Cm) for her newly discovered element, as she believed it to be the most electropositive cation of the elements. Irène Joliot-Curie, one of Perey's supervisors, opposed the name due to its connotation of cat rather than cation; furthermore, the symbol coincided with that which had since been assigned to curium. Perey then suggested francium, after France. This name was officially adopted by the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC) in 1949, becoming the second element after gallium to be named after France. It was assigned the symbol Fa, but this abbreviation was revised to the current Fr shortly thereafter. |