Símbolo | Nb |
Número atómico | 41 |
Grupo | 5 (Familia del vanadio) |
Período | 5 |
Bloque | d |
Clasificación | Metal de transición |
Apariencia | Gray metallic, bluish when oxidized |
Color | Gris |
Número de protones | 41 p+ |
Número de neutrones | 52 n0 |
Número de electrones | 41 e- |
Fase en STP | Sólido |
Densidad | 8.57 g/cm3 |
Peso atómico | 92.9064 u |
Punto de fusión | 2750 K 2476.85 °C 4490.33 °F |
Punto de ebullición | 5017 K 4743.85 °C 8570.93 °F |
Entalpía de vaporización | 690.1 kJ/mol |
Electronegatividad (Escala de Pauling) | 1.6 |
Afinidad electrónica | 88.516 kJ/mol |
Estado de oxidación | −3, −1, 0, +1, +2, +3, +4, +5 (a mildly acidic oxide) |
Energía de ionización |
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Descubrimiento | Charles Hatchett (1801) |
Primer aislamiento | Christian Wilhelm Blomstrand (1864) |
Recognized as a distinct element by | Heinrich Rose (1844) |
Descubrimiento de niobio Niobium was identified by English chemist Charles Hatchett in 1801. He found a new element in a mineral sample that had been sent to England from Connecticut, United States in 1734 by John Winthrop F.R.S. (grandson of John Winthrop the Younger) and named the mineral columbite and the new element columbium after Columbia, the poetic name for the United States. In 1809, English chemist William Hyde Wollaston wrongly concluded that tantalum and columbium were identical. German chemist Heinrich Rose determined in 1846 that tantalum ores contain a second element, which he named niobium. In 1864 and 1865, a series of scientific findings clarified that niobium and columbium were the same element (as distinguished from tantalum), and for a century both names were used interchangeably. Niobium was officially adopted as the name of the element in 1949, but the name columbium remains in current use in metallurgy in the United States. |