Símbolo | Y |
Número atómico | 39 |
Grupo | 3 (Familia del escandio) |
Período | 5 |
Bloque | d |
Clasificación | Metal de transición |
Apariencia | Silvery white |
Color | Plata |
Número de protones | 39 p+ |
Número de neutrones | 50 n0 |
Número de electrones | 39 e- |
Fase en STP | Sólido |
Densidad | 4.472 g/cm3 |
Peso atómico | 88.9058 u |
Punto de fusión | 1799 K 1525.85 °C 2778.53 °F |
Punto de ebullición | 3203 K 2929.85 °C 5305.73 °F |
Entalpía de vaporización | 363.3 kJ/mol |
Electronegatividad (Escala de Pauling) | 1.22 |
Afinidad electrónica | 29.6 kJ/mol |
Estado de oxidación | 0, +1, +2, +3 (a weakly basic oxide) |
Energía de ionización |
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Descubrimiento | Johan Gadolin (1794) |
Primer aislamiento | Friedrich Wöhler (1838) |
Descubrimiento de itrio In 1787, part-time chemist Carl Axel Arrhenius found a heavy black rock in an old quarry near the Swedish village of Ytterby (now part of the Stockholm Archipelago). Thinking it was an unknown mineral containing the newly discovered element tungsten, he named it ytterbite[d] and sent samples to various chemists for analysis. Johan Gadolin at the University of Åbo identified a new oxide (or "earth") in Arrhenius' sample in 1789, and published his completed analysis in 1794. Anders Gustaf Ekeberg confirmed the identification in 1797 and named the new oxide yttria. Friedrich Wöhler is credited with first isolating the metal in 1828 by reacting a volatile chloride that he believed to be yttrium chloride with potassium. Until the early 1920s, the chemical symbol Yt was used for the element, after which Y came into common use. |