Símbolo | Rb |
Número atómico | 37 |
Grupo | 1 (Alcalino) |
Período | 5 |
Bloque | s |
Clasificación | Alcalino |
Apariencia | Grey white |
Color | Plata |
Número de protones | 37 p+ |
Número de neutrones | 48 n0 |
Número de electrones | 37 e- |
Fase en STP | Sólido |
Densidad | 1.532 g/cm3 |
Peso atómico | 85.4678 u |
Punto de fusión | 312.45 K 39.3 °C 102.74 °F |
Punto de ebullición | 961 K 687.85 °C 1270.13 °F |
Entalpía de vaporización | 69.2 kJ/mol |
Electronegatividad (Escala de Pauling) | 0.82 |
Afinidad electrónica | 46.884 kJ/mol |
Estado de oxidación | −1, +1 (a strongly basic oxide) |
Energía de ionización |
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Descubrimiento | Robert Bunsen, Gustav Kirchhoff (1861) |
Primer aislamiento | George de Hevesy |
Descubrimiento de rubidio Rubidium was discovered in 1861 by Robert Bunsen and Gustav Kirchhoff, in Heidelberg, Germany, in the mineral lepidolite through flame spectroscopy. Because of the bright red lines in its emission spectrum, they chose a name derived from the Latin word rubidus, meaning "deep red". The slight radioactivity of rubidium was discovered in 1908, but that was before the theory of isotopes was established in 1910, and the low level of activity (half-life greater than 1010 years) made interpretation complicated. |