Símbolo | Cl |
Número atómico | 17 |
Grupo | 17 (Familia del flúor) |
Período | 3 |
Bloque | p |
Clasificación | No metal |
Apariencia | Pale yellow-green gas |
Color | Amarillo |
Número de protones | 17 p+ |
Número de neutrones | 18 n0 |
Número de electrones | 17 e- |
Fase en STP | Gas |
Densidad | 3.2 g/cm3 |
Peso atómico | 35.446 u |
Punto de fusión | 171.6 K -101.55 °C -150.79 °F |
Punto de ebullición | 239.11 K -34.04 °C -29.272 °F |
Entalpía de vaporización | 10.2 kJ/mol |
Electronegatividad (Escala de Pauling) | 3.16 |
Afinidad electrónica | 348.575 kJ/mol |
Estado de oxidación | −1, +1, +2, +3, +4, +5, +6, +7 (a strongly acidic oxide) |
Energía de ionización |
|
Descubrimiento y primer aislamiento | Carl Wilhelm Scheele (1774) |
Nombrado por | Sir Humphry Davy (1810) |
Recognized as an element by | Humphry Davy (1808) |
Descubrimiento de cloro Chlorine played an important role in the experiments conducted by medieval alchemists, which commonly involved the heating of chloride salts like ammonium chloride (sal ammoniac) and sodium chloride (common salt), producing various chemical substances containing chlorine such as hydrogen chloride, mercury(II) chloride (corrosive sublimate), and hydrochloric acid (in the form of aqua regia). However, the nature of free chlorine gas as a separate substance was only recognised around 1630 by Jan Baptist van Helmont. Carl Wilhelm Scheele wrote a description of chlorine gas in 1774, supposing it to be an oxide of a new element. In 1809, chemists suggested that the gas might be a pure element, and this was confirmed by Sir Humphry Davy in 1810, who named it after the Ancient Greek χλωρός (khlōrós, "pale green") because of its colour. |