Símbolo | Al |
Número atómico | 13 |
Grupo | 13 (Familia del boro) |
Período | 3 |
Bloque | p |
Clasificación | Metal del bloque p |
Apariencia | Silvery gray metallic |
Color | Plata |
Número de protones | 13 p+ |
Número de neutrones | 14 n0 |
Número de electrones | 13 e- |
Fase en STP | Sólido |
Densidad | 2.7 g/cm3 |
Peso atómico | 26.9815 u |
Punto de fusión | 933.47 K 660.32 °C 1220.576 °F |
Punto de ebullición | 2743 K 2469.85 °C 4477.73 °F |
Entalpía de vaporización | 290.8 kJ/mol |
Electronegatividad (Escala de Pauling) | 1.61 |
Afinidad electrónica | 41.762 kJ/mol |
Estado de oxidación | −2, −1, +1, +2, +3 (an amphoteric oxide) |
Energía de ionización |
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Predicción | Antoine Lavoisier (1782) |
Descubrimiento | Hans Christian Ørsted (1824) |
Nombrado por | Humphry Davy (1812) |
Descubrimiento de aluminio Attempts to produce aluminium metal date back to 1760. The first successful attempt, however, was completed in 1824 by Danish physicist and chemist Hans Christian Ørsted. He reacted anhydrous aluminium chloride with potassium amalgam, yielding a lump of metal looking similar to tin. He presented his results and demonstrated a sample of the new metal in 1825. In 1827, German chemist Friedrich Wöhler repeated Ørsted's experiments but did not identify any aluminium. He conducted a similar experiment in the same year by mixing anhydrous aluminium chloride with potassium and produced a powder of aluminium. In 1845, he was able to produce small pieces of the metal and described some physical properties of this metal. For many years thereafter, Wöhler was credited as the discoverer of aluminium. The first industrial production of aluminium was initiated by French chemist Henri Étienne Sainte-Claire Deville in 1856. |