Símbolo | Na |
Número atómico | 11 |
Grupo | 1 (Alcalino) |
Período | 3 |
Bloque | s |
Clasificación | Alcalino |
Apariencia | Silvery white metallic |
Color | Plata |
Número de protones | 11 p+ |
Número de neutrones | 12 n0 |
Número de electrones | 11 e- |
Fase en STP | Sólido |
Densidad | 0.968 g/cm3 |
Peso atómico | 22.9898 u |
Punto de fusión | 370.944 K 97.794 °C 208.0292 °F |
Punto de ebullición | 1156.09 K 882.94 °C 1621.292 °F |
Entalpía de vaporización | 98.01 kJ/mol |
Electronegatividad (Escala de Pauling) | 0.93 |
Afinidad electrónica | 52.867 kJ/mol |
Estado de oxidación | −1, +1 (a strongly basic oxide) |
Energía de ionización |
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Descubrimiento y primer aislamiento | Humphry Davy (1807) |
Descubrimiento de sodio In medieval Europe, a compound of sodium with the Latin name of sodanum was used as a headache remedy. The name sodium is thought to originate from the Arabic suda, meaning headache, as the headache-alleviating properties of sodium carbonate or soda were well known in early times. Although sodium, sometimes called soda, had long been recognized in compounds, the metal itself was not isolated until 1807 by Sir Humphry Davy through the electrolysis of sodium hydroxide. In 1809, the German physicist and chemist Ludwig Wilhelm Gilbert proposed the names Natronium for Humphry Davy's "sodium" and Kalium for Davy's "potassium". The chemical abbreviation for sodium was first published in 1814 by Jöns Jakob Berzelius in his system of atomic symbols, and is an abbreviation of the element's New Latin name natrium, which refers to the Egyptian natron, a natural mineral salt mainly consisting of hydrated sodium carbonate. |