Tecken | Ra |
Atomnummer | 88 |
Grupp | 2 (Alkaliska jordartsmetaller) |
Period | 7 |
Block | s |
Ämnesklass | Alkalisk jordartsmetall |
Utseende | Silvery white metallic |
Färg | Silver |
Antal protoner | 88 p+ |
Antal neutroner | 138 n0 |
Antal elektroner | 88 e- |
Fas vid STP | Fast |
Densitet | 5.5 g/cm3 |
Relativ atommassa | 226 u |
Smältpunkt | 1233 K 959.85 °C 1759.73 °F |
Kokpunkt | 2010 K 1736.85 °C 3158.33 °F |
Ångbildningsvärme | 136.82 kJ/mol |
Elektronegativitet (Paulingskalan) | 0.9 |
Elektronaffinitet | 9.6485 kJ/mol |
Oxidationstal | +2 (expected to have a strongly basic oxide) |
Jonisationspotential |
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Upptäckt | Pierre Curie, Marie Curie (1898) |
Första isolation | Marie Curie (1910) |
Upptäckten av radium Radium, in the form of radium chloride, was discovered by Marie Skłodowska-Curie and her husband Pierre Curie on 21 December 1898, in a uraninite (pitchblende) sample from Jáchymov. They extracted the radium compound from uraninite and published the discovery at the French Academy of Sciences five days later. Radium was isolated in its metallic state by Marie Curie and André-Louis Debierne through the electrolysis of radium chloride in 1911. The naming of radium dates to about 1899, from the French word radium, formed in Modern Latin from radius (ray): this was in recognition of radium's power of emitting energy in the form of rays. In September 1910, Marie Curie and André-Louis Debierne announced that they had isolated radium as a pure metal through the electrolysis of pure radium chloride (RaCl2) solution using a mercury cathode, producing radium–mercury amalgam. This amalgam was then heated in an atmosphere of hydrogen gas to remove the mercury, leaving pure radium metal. |