Tecken | Ba |
Atomnummer | 56 |
Grupp | 2 (Alkaliska jordartsmetaller) |
Period | 6 |
Block | s |
Ämnesklass | Alkalisk jordartsmetall |
Utseende | - |
Färg | Silver |
Antal protoner | 56 p+ |
Antal neutroner | 81 n0 |
Antal elektroner | 56 e- |
Fas vid STP | Fast |
Densitet | 3.51 g/cm3 |
Relativ atommassa | 137.328 u |
Smältpunkt | 1000 K 726.85 °C 1340.33 °F |
Kokpunkt | 2118 K 1844.85 °C 3352.73 °F |
Ångbildningsvärme | 140.2 kJ/mol |
Elektronegativitet (Paulingskalan) | 0.89 |
Elektronaffinitet | 13.954 kJ/mol |
Oxidationstal | +1, +2 (a strongly basic oxide) |
Jonisationspotential |
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Upptäckt | Carl Wilhelm Scheele (1772) |
Första isolation | Humphry Davy (1808) |
Upptäckten av barium Alchemists in the early Middle Ages knew about some barium minerals. Smooth pebble-like stones of mineral baryte were found in volcanic rock near Bologna, Italy, and so were called "Bologna stones". Alchemists were attracted to them because after exposure to light they would glow for years. The phosphorescent properties of baryte heated with organics were described by V. Casciorolus in 1602. Carl Scheele determined that baryte contained a new element in 1774, but could not isolate barium, only barium oxide. Johan Gottlieb Gahn also isolated barium oxide two years later in similar studies. Oxidized barium was at first called "barote" by Guyton de Morveau, a name that was changed by Antoine Lavoisier to baryta. Barium was first isolated by electrolysis of molten barium salts in 1808 by Sir Humphry Davy in England. Davy, by analogy with calcium, named "barium" after baryta, with the "-ium" ending signifying a metallic element. |