Tecken | K |
Atomnummer | 19 |
Grupp | 1 (Alkalimetaller) |
Period | 4 |
Block | s |
Ämnesklass | Alkalimetall |
Utseende | Silvery gray |
Färg | Silver |
Antal protoner | 19 p+ |
Antal neutroner | 20 n0 |
Antal elektroner | 19 e- |
Fas vid STP | Fast |
Densitet | 0.862 g/cm3 |
Relativ atommassa | 39.0983 u |
Smältpunkt | 336.7 K 63.55 °C 146.39 °F |
Kokpunkt | 1032 K 758.85 °C 1397.93 °F |
Ångbildningsvärme | 76.9 kJ/mol |
Elektronegativitet (Paulingskalan) | 0.82 |
Elektronaffinitet | 48.383 kJ/mol |
Oxidationstal | −1, +1 (a strongly basic oxide) |
Jonisationspotential |
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Upptäckt och första isolation | Humphry Davy (1807) |
Upptäckten av kalium The English name for the element potassium comes from the word potash, which refers to an early method of extracting various potassium salts: placing in a pot the ash of burnt wood or tree leaves, adding water, heating, and evaporating the solution. When Humphry Davy first isolated the pure element using electrolysis in 1807, he named it potassium, which he derived from the word potash. The symbol K stems from kali, itself from the root word alkali, which in turn comes from Arabic: القَلْيَه al-qalyah 'plant ashes'. In 1797, the German chemist Martin Klaproth discovered "potash" in the minerals leucite and lepidolite, and realized that "potash" was not a product of plant growth but actually contained a new element, which he proposed calling kali. In 1807, Humphry Davy produced the element via electrolysis: in 1809, Ludwig Wilhelm Gilbert proposed the name Kalium for Davy's "potassium". In 1814, the Swedish chemist Berzelius advocated the name kalium for potassium, with the chemical symbol K. |