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Tellur (Te)

engelsk: Tellurium
Tellur er et kemisk grundstof i det periodiske system med kemisk symbol Te og atomnummer 52 med en atomvægt på 127.603 u og er klassificeret som halvmetal og er en del af gruppen 16 (chalkogener). Tellur er fast ved stuetemperatur.

Tellur i det periodiske system

SymbolTe
Atomnummer52
Gruppe16 (Chalkogener)
Periode5
Blokp
KlassifikationHalvmetal
Udseende-
Farve Sølv
Antal protoner52 p+
Antal neutroner76 n0
Antal elektroner52 e-
Fra Wikipedia, den gratis encyklopædiTellur, internationalt tellurium (af latin; tellus for "jord") er det 52. grundstof i det periodiske system, og har det kemiske symbol Te. Under normale temperatur- og trykforhold optræder stoffet som et skinnende hvidt metal; det er "skørt", så det knuses let til et pulver eller granulat.

Fysiske egenskaber

Fase ved STPFast
Massefylde6.24 g/cm3
Atommasse127.603 u

Thermal properties

Smeltepunkt722.66 K
449.51 °C
841.118 °F
Kogepunkt1261 K
987.85 °C
1810.13 °F
Fordampningsvarme50.63 kJ/mol

Atomiske egenskaber

Elektronegativitet (Pauling Scale)2.1
Elektronaffinitet190.161 kJ/mol
Oxidationstrin−2, −1, +1, +2, +3, +4, +5, +6
(a mildly acidic oxide)
Ioniseringsenergier
  1. 869.3 kJ/mol
  2. 1790 kJ/mol
  3. 2698 kJ/mol
  4. 3610 kJ/mol
  5. 5668 kJ/mol
  6. 6820 kJ/mol
  7. 13200 kJ/mol

Elektronkonfiguration for tellur

Elektronkonfiguration
Kortfattet konfiguration
[Kr] 4d10 5s2 5p4
Elektronkonfiguration
Fuld konfiguration
1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 3d10 4s2 4p6 4d10 5s2 5p4
Elektronkonfigurationsdiagram
1s2
2s22p6
3s23p63d10
4s24p64d10
5s25p4
Elektroner pr. Skal2, 8, 18, 18, 6
Valenselektroner 6
Valency-elektroner 2,4,6
Bohrs atommodel
TellurElectron shell for Tellur, created by Injosoft ABTe
Figur: Skaldiagram af Tellur (Te) atom.
Orbital diagram
1s
2s2p
3s3p3d
4s4p4d
5s5p

The history of Tellurium

OpdagetFranz-Joseph Müller von Reichenstein (1782)
Første isolationMartin Heinrich Klaproth
Navngivet afMartin Heinrich Klaproth (1798)
Opdagelse af tellur
Tellurium (Latin tellus meaning "earth") was discovered in the 18th century in a gold ore from the mines in Kleinschlatten (today Zlatna), near today's city of Alba Iulia, Romania. In 1782 Franz-Joseph Müller von Reichenstein, who was then serving as the Austrian chief inspector of mines in Transylvania, concluded that the ore did not contain antimony but was bismuth sulfide. The following year, he reported that this was erroneous and that the ore contained mostly gold and an unknown metal very similar to antimony. After a thorough investigation that lasted three years and included more than fifty tests, Müller determined the specific gravity of the mineral and noted that when heated, the new metal gives off a white smoke with a radish-like odor; that it imparts a red color to sulfuric acid; and that when this solution is diluted with water, it has a black precipitate. Nevertheless, he was not able to identify this metal and gave it the names aurum paradoxum (paradoxical gold) and metallum problematicum (problem metal), because it did not exhibit the properties predicted for antimony. In 1789, a Hungarian scientist, Pál Kitaibel, discovered the element independently in an ore from Deutsch-Pilsen that had been regarded as argentiferous molybdenite, but later he gave the credit to Müller. In 1798, it was named by Martin Heinrich Klaproth, who had earlier isolated it from the mineral calaverite.

Identifikatorer

List of unique identifiers for Tellur in various chemical registry databases
CAS Number13494-80-9
ChemSpider ID4885717
EC number236-813-4
PubChem CID Number6327182